STRATEGI CERAMAH AGAMA PADA MASYARAKAT MUSLIM DI KOTA MANADO

Abstract

Teknologi informasi yangberkembang begitu pesat telah menyebabkan kompetisi dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan hidup semakin ketat. Berbagai problem sosial kian beragam dan masyarakat menuntut pelayanan yang cepat dan tepat. Karenanya, ceramah agama tidak bisa lagi dilaksanakan secara asal-asalan, tiba waktu tiba akal, tanpa perencanaan yang akurat. Karena itu, penelitian ini secara umum bertujuan untuk mengkaji seluk beluk ceramah agama yang dilakukan di Kota Manado. Namun secara khusus bertujuan untuk: (1) mengetahui kondisi medan dakwah di Kota Manado, (2) mengetahui faktor pendukung dan penghambat pelaksanaan ceramah di Kota Manado; dan (3) mengetahui strategi ceramah agama pada masyarakat Muslim di Kota Manado.Tujuan-tujuan tersebut dicapai dengan menggunakan jenis penelitian lapangan (field research) metode kualitatif melalui pendekatan multidisipliner dengan paradigma post positivisme menggunakan teknik penggalian data observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: (1) Manado merupakan daerah terbuka, rukun dan dihuni oleh penduduk dengan etnik, agama dan budaya yang beragam, sehingga mudah menerima ide-ide pluralitas. Manado terkenal sebagai destinasi wisata dunia karena banyaknya penduduk perempuan yang berparas cantik, berkulit putih dan berpostur tinggi. Manado juga disebut kota modern yang masyarakatnya memiliki tingkat konsumerisme cukup tinggi. Situasi dan kondisi Manado dapat digambarkan ibarat metropolitan kecil yang kesibukan warganya berlangsung hampir 24 jam setiap hari. Bahkan pada malam hari atau hari-hari libur, ruas jalan di Manado semakin dipadati oleh manusia untuk tujuan tertentu atau sekedar mencari hiburan. Kilauan cahaya lampu dan gadis-gadis ABG yang mudah ditemukan di sepanjang boulevard menjadi destinasi tersendiri bagi pendatang yang gemar dengan hal-hal yang berbau eksotis dan erotis. Meskipun Manado merupakan daerah yang rukun dan pluralis, tetapi masih dijumpai oknum-oknum yang ketika umat lain terutama Islam hendak mendirikan masjid, proses perizinannya terkesan dipersulit walaupun telah memenuhi ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan. Bahkan dibalik gemerlapnya kota Manado, tersimpan 7 sisi gelap sebagai tantangan penceramah agama yang belum banyak orang mengetahuinya, yaitu: (a) Affair (perselingkuhan), (b) Married by Accident (Menikah karena kecelakaan), (c)  Drunk (mabuk), (d) Stabbing (penikaman), (e) Doger (pencuri anjing), (f) Babungkus (membungkus makanan di pesta), (g) Prostitusi; (2) Faktor yang menjadi pendukung pelaksanaan ceramah agama di Kota Manado antara lain: (a) semangat jihad dakwah, (b) solidaritas da‘i, (c) dukungan modal, dan (d) dukungan moral. Sedangkan faktor yang menjadi penghambat antara lain: (a) hambatan dari internal penceramah, (b) hambatan simbolis (penyandian), (c) hambatan teknis berkaitan dengan media teknologi, (d) hambatan semantis (penggunaan logat dan bahasa daerah), (e) Hambatan dari audiens, (f) hambatan dari faktor alam, dan (g) hambatan lain yang tidak bisa diprediksi; dan (3) Menghadapi setting ceramah agama yang demikian, maka strategi da‘wah bi al-lisan (ceramah agama) yang diterapkan pada masyarakat Muslim di Kota Manado mengacu pada penerapan sistem komunikasi yang biasa disebut IPO (Input, Process, Output), penerapan fungsi-fungsi manajemen dakwah yang dikenal dengan fungsi POAC (Planning, Organizing, Actuating, Controlling), dan penerapan konsep dakwah yang DEMOKRATIS, yaitu Dakwah yang menerapkan prinsip: Duratif, Efektif, Motivatif, Objektif, Komunikatif, Reflektif, Atraktif, Teknokratif, Inovatif dan Semarak.

Kata Kunci: Ceramah agama, kondisi sosial, pendukung, penghambat, strategi

Information technology has developed so powerfully that competition in fulfilling life's needs is getting tighter. Various social problems are increasingly diverse and the community demands fast and appropriate services. Because of this, religious lectures can no longer be carried out haphazardly, when the time comes, without accurate planning. Therefore, this research generally aims to examine the ins and outs of religious lectures conducted in the city of Manado. However, it specifically aims to: (1) find out the condition of the da'wah field in Manado City, (2) find out the supporting and inhibiting factors for holding lectures in Manado City; and (3) knowing the strategy of religious lectures to Muslim communities in Manado City.

These objectives were achieved by using a type of field research (field research) qualitative method through a multidisciplinary approach with a postpositivist paradigm using observational data mining techniques, interviews and documentation.

The results of the study show: (1) Manado is an open area, harmonious and inhabited by people with diverse ethnic, religious and cultural backgrounds, so it is easy to accept plurality ideas. Manado is famous as a world tourist destination because of the large number of Indo female residents who are beautiful, white and tall. Manado is also called a modern city whose people have a fairly high level of consumerism. The situation and condition of Manado can be described as that of a small metropolis in which the people are busy almost 24 hours a day. Even at night or on holidays, roads in Manado are increasingly crowded with people for specific purposes or just looking for entertainment. The sparkling lights and ABG girls that are easy to find along the boulevard have become a separate destination for newcomers who like exotic and erotic things. Even though Manado is a harmonious and pluralist area, there are still individuals who, when other people, especially Muslims, want to build a mosque, the licensing process seems complicated even though they have complied with the provisions of the laws and regulations. Even behind the glitter of the city of Manado, there are 7 dark sides as a challenge for religious preachers that not many people know about, namely: (a) Affair, (b) Married by Accident, (c) Drunk, (d) Stabbing, (e) Doger (dog thief), (f) Babungkus (wrapping food at parties), (g) Prostitution; (2) Factors supporting the implementation of religious lectures in Manado City include: (a) the spirit of jihad da'wah, (b) the solidarity of preachers, (c) capital support, and (d) moral support. Meanwhile, the inhibiting factors include: (a) internal obstacles of the speaker, (b) symbolic barriers (encoding), (c) technical barriers related to technology media, (d) semantic barriers (use of local accents and languages), (e ) Barriers from the audience, (f) barriers from natural factors, and (g) other obstacles that cannot be predicted; and (3) Facing such a setting of religious lectures, the strategy of religious lectures applied to the Muslim community in Manado City refers to the application of a communication system commonly called IPO (Input, Process, Output), implementation da'wah management functions known as the POAC function (Planning, Organizing, Actuating, Controlling), and the application of the DEMOCRATIC concept of da'wah, namely da'wah which applies the principles of: Durative, Effective, Motivating, Objective, Communicative, Reflective, Attractive, Technocratic, Innovative , and Lively.

Keywords: Religious lectures, social conditions, supporters, obstacles, strategy