KEWARISAN ADAT BOLAANG MONGONDOW DI KOTA KOTAMOBAGU PERSPEKTIF MASLAHAH
Keywords:
Waris, adat, Islam, maslahah, Bolaang MongondowAbstract
Kewarisan merupakan sarana yang legal dalam proses perpindahan harta dari pewaris kepada ahli warisnya. Islam telah menetapkan aturan waris dengan bentuk yang sangat teratur dan adil. Namun peristiwa pembagian warisan sering kali menimbulkan perselisihan dan pecahnya persaudaraan. Penelitian ini bermaksud melengkapi penelitian terdahulu tentang pembagian harta waris berdasarkan adat dengan mengemukakan tiga tujuan: (1) mendeskripsikan dasar pemikiran masyarakat Kota Kotamobagu menjadikan hukum adat sebagai pilihan utama dalam pembagian warisan, (2) mendeskripsikan prosedur pembagian warisan dalam adat Bolaang Mongondow, dan (3) menganalisis manfaat yang diperoleh masyarakat Kota Kotamobagu dari pembagian warisan menurut adat Bolaang Mongondow.
Penelitian studi kasus ini deskriptif kualitatif menggunakan pendekatan teologis, yuridis, historis, dan sosiologis. Sumber data penelitian terdiri dari Ketua Lembaga Adat Kota Kotamobagu sebagai key informan, sangadi, jiow, tokoh agama, tokoh masyarakat, dan masyarakat adat Bolaang Mongondow. Melalui teknik pengumpulan data wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi dengan pengolahan dan analysis melalui reduksi, penyajian, dan penarikan kesimpulan diperoleh hasil penelitian:
Pertama, Dodandian sebagai falsafah adat Bolaang Mongondow menjadi pendorong masyarakat Muslim di Kota Kotamobagu cenderung mengutamakan hukum kewarisan adat dalam pembagian warisan.
Kedua, Prosedur pembagian warisan sebagian tidak sesuai dengan kewarisan Islam, yakni dilakukan atas dasar kerelaan, kesepakatan dan keikhlasan melalui jalur musyawarah serta manfaat yang didapatkan, semakin meningkatkan sistem kekerabatan dari ayah dan ibu yang terkait erat dengan sistem posat dan popogutat, dan
Ketiga, Kewarisan adat Bolaang Mongondow termasuk dalam kategori mashlahah mulghah, yaitu mashlahah yang bertentangan dengan nash yang sudah jelas dan terperinci, tetapi bertujuan untuk mewujudkan kehidupan yang tentram dan harmonis dalam lingkup keluarga maupun masyarakat, sesuai fitrah manusia yang menjadi tujuan penyariatan hukum Islam.
Kata kunci: Waris, adat, Islam, maslahah, dan Bolaang Mongondow
Inheritance is a legal means in the process of transferring assets from heirs to heirs. Islam has established rules of inheritance in a very orderly and fair form. However, inheritance distribution events often lead to disputes and the breakdown of brotherhood. This study intends to complement previous research on the distribution of inheritance based on custom by presenting three objectives: (1) to describe the rationale of the Kotamobagu City community for making customary law the main choice in inheritance distribution, (2) to describe the procedure for dividing inheritance in the Bolaang Mongondow custom, and ( 3) analyze the benefits obtained by the people of Kotamobagu City from the division of inheritance according to the Bolaang Mongondow custom.
This case study research is descriptive qualitative using theological, juridical, historical, and sociological approaches. Sources of research data consisted of the Head of the Kotamobagu City Customary Institution as key informants, sangadi, jiow, religious leaders, community leaders, and the Bolaang Mongondow indigenous people. Through data collection techniques of interviews, observation and documentation with processing and analysis through reduction, presentation, and drawing conclusions, the results of the study are obtained: (1) Dodandian as Bolaang Mongondow's customary philosophy has become a driving force for Muslim communities in Kotamobagu City to tend to prioritize customary inheritance law in inheritance distribution; (2) The procedure for dividing inheritance is partly not in accordance with Islamic inheritance, which is carried out on the basis of willingness, agreement and sincerity through deliberation and the benefits obtained, further enhancing the kinship system of fathers and mothers who are closely related to the posat and popogutat systems, and (3) The customary inheritance of Bolaang Mongondow is included in the category of mashlahah mulghah, namely mashlahah which contradicts clear and detailed texts, but aims to create a peaceful and harmonious life within the family and society, in accordance with human nature which is the goal of Islamic law dispensation.
Keywords: Inheritance, custom, Islam, maslahah, and Bolaang Mongondow
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